On April 10, Samantha Power, head of the US humanitarian and development agency, USAID, became the first US official to confirm publicly that reports of famine in at least some parts of Gaza were credible.[279] On April 11, 2024, the Washington Post spoke with 25 aid groups, UN agencies, and donor countries about the kinds of aid they have tried to get into Gaza.[280] It found that in the six months since the start of the war, Israeli authorities have denied or restricted access to a number of items, ranging from lifesaving medical supplies to toys to chocolate croissants.[281] Israel justifies the restrictions according to its interpretation of dual-use items, items that are predominantly civilian in nature but could also be used militarily, such as construction materials, communications equipment and chemicals.[282] Israel argues these restrictions are necessary to choke off Hamass military apparatus.[283] Humanitarian agencies have demanded the Israeli military publish a list of dual-use and prohibited items, to provide written notice of its rejections of aid shipments, and to allow for rejections by soldiers on the ground to be appealed, which Israels military agency responsible for blocking and arbitrarily rejecting aid, COGAT, has so far refused.[284] On May 5, Israeli authorities closed the Kerem Shalom crossing after a Hamas rocket attack,[285] and on May 7, Israeli forces seized the Rafah crossing as part of its incursion in the area, thus blocking aid from entering via the primary crossings that had been used before Israel took control of that crossing
JAMA Pediatr 167(4):34854 El Marroun H, Schmidt MN, Franken IHA, Jaddoe VWV, Hofman A, van der Lugt A et al (2014) Prenatal tobacco exposure and brain morphology: a prospective study in young children
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